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Where Ca is the total chloride concentration in kg/m3 concrete, Cf if the free chloride concentration in kg/m3 pore solution, Dce is the effective diffusivity in m2/s, η is the volumetric void fraction or the capillary porosity in m3Īlthough most corrosion initiation time studies in the literature are observed to focus on pure physical diffusion process of the problem, the role of binding mechanisms for 1
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Considering onedimensional space problem, the transport problem of chlorides can be modeled according to the following form of Fick’s second law equation. The methodology proposed in this paper accounts for external chloride penetration into concrete considering influence of physical diffusion and chemical binding of chloride transported in to concrete. In accordance with conceptual steel corrosion sequence model advocated by Tuutti, the durability capacity of the concrete structure is significantly limited to the corrosion initiation time that is very much dependent on diffusive transport of chloride in concrete. For chloride exposures, the forecast to the service life loss problem is closely related to ascertaining the corrosion initiation time of the steel reinforcement in concrete. The impact of environmental exposures in shortening the service life or durability of concrete infrastructures in the field has continued to be substantial worldwide. Box 437 Al-Khobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: įigure 1: Conceptual corrosion sequence in concrete. Shazali, PhD Senior Structural Engineer, INCO Precast Division P.O. Keywords: COMSOL, multiphysics, modeling, concrete, durability, chloride, diffusion, binding, corrosion. Good agreement of the model results with experimental data was established to provide a basis for reasonable service life prediction in view of the time-to-corrosion initiation paradigm. Simulations of the problem in COMSOL allow main process of the chloride binding to be closely captured in the light of its nonlinear concentration dependence and influence on evolution of chloride diffusivity governing the transport problem. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the capability of using COMSOL Multiphysics modeling to provide insight regarding a more realistic consideration of chloride penetration behavior in concrete in view of chloride binding. To permit a more realistic modeling of the diffusive transport of chloride in concrete, chloride binding capacity model based on experimental isotherm describing the relation between total, bound, and free chlorides have to be considered. One of the most revealing causes of deterioration leading to durability loss in concrete structures is premature time-tocorrosion ignition due to chloride induced corrosion associated with diffusive transport of chloride in concrete. In this regard, treatment of the time-to-corrosion initiation problem is decisively done in a manner averse to unrealistic assumptions of constant diffusivity associated with null binding often enforced for solution expediency. Underlying effort of this paper is therefore to demonstrate the use of COMSOL Multiphysics Software, an interactive 3D-partial differential equation development and simulation environment previously known as FEMLAB, in effectively solving the diffusive transport of chloride in concrete.
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of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi ArabiaĪbstract chlorides ingress in concrete under field service conditions is often ignored for formulation and analytical difficulty reasons. of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia 3 Research Institute, King Fahd Univ. Ltd., Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering, King Fahd Univ. INCO Precast Engineering, Industrial Contractors Co. COMSOL Multiphysics User's Conference 2009, January 12-13, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaĬOMSOL Multiphysics Modeling of Chloride Binding in Diffusive Transport of Chlorides in Concrete M.A.